The right to information as a fundamental human right: the experience of developed democracies

In a scientific article, the author focuses on the study of right to information as a fundamental human right, namely the analysis of the experience of developed democracies (France, Germany, USA, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia). It highlighted the features and operation of the right to information in individual countries, which generally affect the formation and global picture of the right to information. Noted the special importance of this law which in turn is the main element that binds the whole system of fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen. And most importantly, only by its observance can talk about the actual implementation and the development of personal, political, social, economic, environmental and cultural rights and freedoms. The article states that one of the first countries where the right to information embodied in the constitutional level is France, where freedom of expression and communication is defined as one of the fundamental principles guaranteed by law. That freedom is so important that it defined the ideal of a democratic state. In Germany, besides strengthening the right to information in the Constitution, there is a separate law «On protection of information». It is in this state has taken a number of federal laws in the area of the right to information, which indicates the high level of developed democracies. It is noted that the U.S. information legislation – is the benchmark to which to navigate the country in its efforts to build a good base of information legislation. In this country, lawmakers could create a system of laws governing information security with such brevity and generalization that zaneobhidnosti response to the problem will be instant. The legal system of the U.S. information security is one of the safest in the world, making it almost perfect and such, which should all be equal. In the analysis of the right to information in Poland was noticed that it in most of their rules, laws and regulations coincides with the legislation of many countries. And this is especially evident in the right of access to official documents in Poland and Ukraine. As the Czech Republic is the Constitution of the State asserts the right to information as a fundamental right of citizens of the state. Attention is accounted for the fact that the Czech Republic recognizes Convention on Human Rights and the European Court precedents as a priority, which in turn facilitates judicial protection as the right to information and freedoms. Attention is drawn to the fact that Slovakia is a democratic constitutional state also provides for the right to information at the constitutional level, and most countries prohibits censorship. Interestingly, exempted from disclosure information relating to decision making by the courts, data collected bodies involved in the criminal investigation. A particularly interesting is that the official who violated the law could be fined 50,000 euros. Research data was carried out by analyzing the question papers of famous Ukrainian, Russian and foreign scientists as the Soviet period and the present, which became the subject of the proposed research articles.